Thursday, July 22, 2010

For+形容詞/過去分詞

問: Take...for granted(視……為理所當然的)一語,是不是 take...for it is granted的縮略?假如不是,介系詞 for之後為什麼不用名詞或動名詞( gerund)?

答:回答這問題之前,不妨談談 take for。這動詞片語( phrasal verb)有「(錯誤)視為」的意思,例如;( 1) What do you take me for-- a slave?(你把我當作什麼─當作奴隸?)( 2) He is often taken for his twin brother(經常有人把他當作他的孿生兄弟)。

Take...for granted文法上不可改為 take...for it is granted,只可改為 take...for something(that is) granted,例如: He seemed to take my help for granted/ for something granted(他似乎認為,我幫忙是理所當然的)。

但 take...for granted並不是 take...for something granted的縮略。事實上, for解做「當作( as being)」的時候,其後常用形容詞或過去分詞( past participle,即 ed形式動詞),例如:( 1) After three days' search, the police gave up the surfer for dead(三天之後,警方停止搜索,認為那滑浪者應已死去)。( 2) The Holy Grail has long been given up for lost(耶穌最後晚餐所用聖杯,早就沒有希望尋回了)。( 3) I can't tell for certain/ for sure what he will do(我不能肯定他會做什麼)。

留意 for之後接形容詞或過去分詞,是一個特別用法。不解做「當作」的 for和其他介系詞( preposition)一樣,其後還是應用名詞或動名詞。所以 She is famous for her beauty(她以美麗著名)一語,就不可改寫作 She is famous for beautiful。

(古德明)

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